Oven Temperature Converter

Convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Gas Mark and AGA settings instantly. Includes fan oven adjustment and full baking temperature guide.

3-Way Temperature Converter

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Celsius (°C)

Fahrenheit (°F)

Gas Mark

Complete Gas Mark Reference Table

Gas Mark	Celsius (°C)	Fahrenheit (°F)	Fan Oven (°C)	Description

Common Recipe Temperatures Quick Reference

Food	Conventional (°C)	Fan Oven (°C)	Gas Mark	°F
White bread loaf	220°C	200°C	7	425°F
Wholemeal bread	200°C	180°C	6	400°F
Victoria sponge	180°C	160°C	4	356°F
Shortbread / biscuits	170°C	150°C	3-4	338°F
Fruit cake (rich)	150°C	130°C	2	300°F
Choux pastry	200°C	180°C	6	400°F
Shortcrust pastry	200°C	180°C	6	400°F
Roast chicken	190°C	170°C	5	375°F
Roast beef (medium)	200°C	180°C	6	400°F
Roast lamb	190°C	170°C	5	375°F
Roast pork	220°C	200°C	7	425°F
Meringues	110°C	90°C	¼	230°F
Yorkshire pudding	220°C	200°C	7	425°F
Cheesecake (baked)	160°C	140°C	3	320°F
Pizza	240°C	220°C	9	464°F
Croissants	200°C	180°C	6	400°F

Understanding UK Oven Temperatures: The Complete Guide

Fan Oven vs Conventional Oven

The most important temperature concept for UK home cooks is understanding the difference between fan (convection) ovens and conventional (static) ovens. A fan oven circulates hot air continuously, cooking food more evenly and efficiently. This means it operates approximately 20°C (or Gas Mark ½ to 1) hotter than a conventional oven at the same setting.

The rule is simple: subtract 20°C from the recipe temperature if you have a fan oven. If a recipe calls for 200°C conventional, set your fan oven to 180°C. If it says Gas Mark 6 (200°C), set your fan oven to 180°C (roughly Gas Mark 5).

Fan Oven Rule: Fan Oven Temp = Conventional Temp - 20°C (or -25°F). Most modern UK ovens are fan-assisted. Check your manual if unsure.

AGA Oven Temperatures

AGA cookers work differently from conventional ovens. They store heat rather than generating it on demand. A traditional 2-oven AGA has a Roasting Oven (approximately 230-240°C / Gas Mark 8-9) and a Simmering Oven (approximately 110-130°C / Gas Mark ½-1).

A 4-oven AGA adds a Baking Oven (approximately 160-180°C / Gas Mark 3-4) and Warming Oven. Most AGA recipes specify the oven position (top shelf/bottom shelf of roasting oven) rather than a specific temperature.

British vs American Oven Terminology

UK recipes often describe ovens qualitatively: "cool", "warm", "moderate", "fairly hot", "hot", "very hot". American recipes typically give only Fahrenheit temperatures. Here's how they map:

Very cool / Very slow: 120°C / 250°F / Gas Mark ½
Cool / Slow: 140-150°C / 275-300°F / Gas Mark 1-2
Warm: 160°C / 325°F / Gas Mark 3
Moderate: 180°C / 350°F / Gas Mark 4
Moderately hot / Fairly hot: 190-200°C / 375-400°F / Gas Mark 5-6
Hot: 210-220°C / 410-425°F / Gas Mark 6-7
Very hot: 230-240°C / 450-475°F / Gas Mark 8-9

Oven Thermometer: Why You Need One

Most domestic ovens are inaccurate by 10-25°C. An oven set to 180°C might actually be 165°C or 200°C. For baking in particular, this can ruin results.

An oven thermometer costs as little as £5-10 and takes the guesswork out of temperature accuracy. Always preheat your oven for at least 15-20 minutes, and consider the thermometer a basic baking essential.

Altitude Adjustment Guide

At altitudes above 1,000m (3,300ft), the lower atmospheric pressure causes baked goods to rise faster. Most of the UK is at low altitude and this rarely applies, but if cooking in high-altitude locations: increase oven temperature by 15°C, reduce baking powder by ¼ teaspoon per teaspoon called for, increase liquid by 2-4 tablespoons per cup, and increase flour by 2-3 tablespoons per cup.

Brownie: The Celsius to Fahrenheit Formula

The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32. To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Our converter above handles all of this automatically, but knowing the formula helps if you're working without a calculator.

How to Convert Oven Temperature Converter: C to F, Gas Mark

This converter provides instant, accurate results for your measurement conversions. The UK uses a mix of metric and imperial measurements in daily life, which can make conversions a frequent necessity. Road signs use miles, food is sold in grams and kilograms, and height is often quoted in feet and inches despite the metric system being the official standard.

Understanding the conversion formula helps verify results and perform quick mental calculations when a tool is not available.

Key Information

Common UK conversion factors: 1 inch = 2.54 cm, 1 foot = 30.48 cm, 1 mile = 1.609 km, 1 pound (lb) = 0.4536 kg, 1 stone = 6.35 kg, 1 pint (UK) = 568 ml, 1 gallon (UK) = 4.546 litres, 1 acre = 0.4047 hectares. Temperature conversions use the formula: Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32) x 5/9.

Example Calculation

To convert 5 feet 10 inches to centimetres: first convert to total inches (5 x 12 + 10 = 70 inches), then multiply by 2.54 to get 177.8 cm. For weight, a person weighing 12 stone 7 lbs is 12.5 stone, which equals 79.4 kg (12.5 x 6.35).

Source: Based on international measurement standards. Last updated March 2026.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Gas Mark 4 in Celsius?

Gas Mark 4 is 180°C (356°F). This is the most commonly used baking temperature in UK recipes, described as 'moderate' heat. It's perfect for Victoria sponge, most biscuits, and light casseroles. Fan ovens should be set to 160°C for equivalent results.

What temperature is a fan oven vs conventional?

A fan oven (fan-assisted or convection) runs approximately 20°C (or 25°F) hotter than a conventional oven at the same setting, due to the circulation of hot air. When a recipe says 180°C conventional, set your fan oven to 160°C. When a recipe says Gas Mark 4, a fan oven should be set to Gas Mark 3. Most modern UK built-in ovens are fan ovens.

What does 'moderate oven' mean in old UK recipes?

A 'moderate' oven in traditional UK recipes refers to Gas Mark 4, which is 180°C (356°F). 'Slow' means Gas Mark 2-3 (150-170°C), 'hot' means Gas Mark 6-7 (200-220°C), and 'very hot' means Gas Mark 8-9 (230-240°C). These descriptive terms appear in cookbooks from the 1950s-1980s before digital temperature displays became standard.

How do I convert 350°F to Celsius?

350°F equals 177°C, which rounds to 180°C in practice (Gas Mark 4). This is the standard moderate baking temperature for cakes, biscuits, and casseroles. Use the formula: °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9. So: (350 - 32) × 5/9 = 318 × 5/9 = 176.7°C.

What temperature should I bake bread at?

Most white bread loaves bake at 220°C (Gas Mark 7, 425°F) in a conventional oven, or 200°C in a fan oven. A hot oven creates a good crust and oven spring. Some artisan sourdough recipes call for 240-250°C initially (with a Dutch oven or steam), then reduced to 200-210°C to finish baking. Bread is done when it sounds hollow when tapped on the base and reaches an internal temperature of 93-96°C.

Do I need to adjust recipes for altitude?

At elevations above 1,000m (3,000ft), baked goods rise faster due to lower atmospheric pressure and may overflow or collapse. Reduce baking powder by 1/4 teaspoon per teaspoon, increase liquid by 2-4 tbsp, and increase oven temperature by 15°C. Most of the UK is at low altitude so this rarely applies to UK home cooks.

What is AGA equivalent to Gas Mark 5?

Gas Mark 5 (190°C / 375°F) corresponds roughly to the lower half of the AGA Roasting Oven, which typically runs at 200-230°C. The AGA Baking Oven (4-oven model) runs at approximately 160-180°C (Gas Mark 3-4). AGA temperatures vary significantly by model, fuel type, and heat stored, making direct comparisons approximate at best.

Mustafa Bilgic

UK calculator specialist and content author. Covering personal finance, cooking tools, and everyday calculations for UK users since 2025.