Last updated: February 2026

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Compound Interest Calculator

Calculate how your savings grow over time with compound interest at current UK rates. Compare ISAs, bonds and savings accounts.

Total Deposits
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Total Interest Earned
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Effective Annual Rate (AER)
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Interest as % of Deposits
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Total Value After - Years

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pounds sterling

Understanding Compound Interest

Compound interest is often called the eighth wonder of the world, and for good reason. It is the process of earning interest on both your original deposit and on the interest you have already accumulated. Over time, this creates a snowball effect that can significantly grow your savings.

How Compound Interest Works

Suppose you deposit £1,000 at 5% annual interest. After the first year, you earn £50 in interest, giving you £1,050. In the second year, you earn 5% on £1,050 (not just £1,000), which is £52.50. Each year, the interest grows because it is calculated on an ever-increasing balance.

The Compound Interest Formula: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where P = principal, r = annual rate (decimal), n = compounding frequency per year, t = number of years, and A = final amount.

Simple Interest vs Compound Interest

With simple interest, you only earn interest on the original principal. With compound interest, you earn interest on interest. Over 20 years at 5%, £10,000 grows to £20,000 with simple interest but £26,533 with compound interest -- that is an extra £6,533 purely from the compounding effect.

The Power of Compounding Frequency

The more frequently interest compounds, the more you earn. Here is how £10,000 at 5% grows over 10 years with different frequencies:

  • Annually: £16,288.95
  • Quarterly: £16,386.16
  • Monthly: £16,470.09
  • Daily: £16,486.65

UK Savings Accounts and Interest Rates

Understanding the different types of UK savings accounts helps you choose the right one for your compound interest strategy. Here is a comparison of the main options available in 2025/26:

Account Type Typical Rate (2025) Access Tax Treatment
Easy-Access Savings 4.0% - 5.0% AER Instant PSA applies
Cash ISA 4.0% - 5.0% AER Varies Tax-free
Fixed-Rate Bond (1yr) 4.5% - 5.2% AER Locked PSA applies
Fixed-Rate Bond (2yr) 4.2% - 4.8% AER Locked PSA applies
Regular Saver 5.0% - 8.0% AER Limited PSA applies
Notice Account (90 days) 4.5% - 5.0% AER 90 days notice PSA applies

Cash ISAs Explained

A Cash ISA (Individual Savings Account) lets you save up to £20,000 per tax year (2025/26 allowance) and all interest earned is completely tax-free. This makes ISAs particularly valuable for higher-rate and additional-rate taxpayers whose Personal Savings Allowance is £500 or £0 respectively.

ISA Tip: Even if your ISA rate is slightly lower than a standard savings account, the tax-free benefit can make it the better choice -- especially if you are a higher-rate taxpayer or have large savings that exceed the Personal Savings Allowance.

Personal Savings Allowance (PSA)

The PSA lets you earn interest tax-free outside of an ISA:

  • Basic rate taxpayer (20%): £1,000 tax-free interest per year
  • Higher rate taxpayer (40%): £500 tax-free interest per year
  • Additional rate taxpayer (45%): No allowance
Important: If your savings interest exceeds your PSA, you will pay tax on the excess at your marginal rate. HMRC collects this automatically by adjusting your tax code. With higher interest rates, more savers are exceeding their PSA -- check whether an ISA might be more suitable for you.

Tips for Maximising Compound Interest

Start Early

Time is the most powerful factor in compounding. Starting 10 years earlier with less money often beats starting later with more. A 25-year-old saving £200/month at 5% will have £304,000 by 65 -- a 35-year-old would need £380/month for the same.

Reinvest All Interest

Never withdraw your interest if you do not need it. Reinvesting interest is the entire mechanism behind compounding. Many accounts automatically reinvest, but some pay to a separate account -- check yours.

Make Regular Contributions

Even small regular deposits dramatically boost the compounding effect. Adding £100/month to a £10,000 deposit at 5% over 20 years adds £41,000 to your total versus the lump sum alone.

Use Your ISA Allowance

Maximise your £20,000 annual ISA allowance. Tax-free growth means every penny of interest stays in your account, compounding year after year without any deductions.

Compare Rates Regularly

Savings rates change frequently. Review your accounts every 6-12 months and switch if a better rate is available. Loyalty rarely pays with savings -- new customer rates are often highest.

Consider Fixed-Rate Bonds

If you do not need immediate access, fixed-rate bonds often offer higher rates. Locking away money for 1-2 years guarantees a rate and removes the temptation to withdraw.

Compound Interest Examples

Example 1: Lump Sum in a Cash ISA

Sarah deposits £15,000 into a Cash ISA paying 4.5% AER, compounded annually, for 5 years with no additional contributions:

  • Year 1: £15,675.00
  • Year 2: £16,380.38
  • Year 3: £17,117.49
  • Year 4: £17,887.78
  • Year 5: £18,692.73

Total interest earned: £3,692.73 (all tax-free in the ISA).

Example 2: Regular Monthly Savings

James saves £300 per month into a savings account at 4.8% AER, compounded monthly, for 10 years:

  • Total deposited: £36,000
  • Interest earned: £9,802
  • Final value: £45,802

Example 3: Long-Term Growth

Emma deposits £5,000 and adds £150/month at 5% AER compounded annually for 25 years:

  • Total deposited: £50,000
  • Interest earned: £39,747
  • Final value: £89,747
Key Takeaway: In Emma's example, the interest earned (£39,747) is nearly 80% of her total deposits (£50,000). This demonstrates the extraordinary power of compound interest over long time periods.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is compound interest?

Compound interest is interest calculated on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods. Unlike simple interest, which only earns on the original deposit, compound interest means your money grows exponentially over time. For example, £10,000 at 5% simple interest earns £500 every year. With compound interest, year one earns £500, year two earns £525 (5% of £10,500), and so on.

How often do UK banks compound interest?

Most UK savings accounts compound interest annually, which is reflected in the AER (Annual Equivalent Rate). Some accounts, particularly easy-access and money market accounts, may compound monthly or quarterly. The AER standardises this so you can compare accounts fairly. Check your account terms to see whether interest is paid annually, monthly or quarterly.

What is the difference between AER and gross rate?

The gross rate is the basic interest rate before compounding is considered. The AER (Annual Equivalent Rate) shows what you would effectively earn over a full year when compounding is taken into account. If interest compounds more than once a year, the AER will be slightly higher than the gross rate. For annual compounding, the gross rate and AER are the same. All UK banks must display the AER to allow fair comparison.

Do I pay tax on savings interest in the UK?

Most UK savers pay no tax thanks to the Personal Savings Allowance (PSA). Basic rate taxpayers can earn up to £1,000 in interest tax-free, and higher rate taxpayers up to £500. Additional rate taxpayers have no allowance. ISA interest is always completely tax-free. If your interest exceeds the PSA, HMRC adjusts your tax code to collect the tax owed automatically.

What is the best UK savings rate in 2025?

UK savings rates in 2025 are relatively strong compared to recent years. Easy-access accounts offer around 4.5-5.0% AER, one-year fixed-rate bonds offer 4.5-5.2%, and Cash ISAs offer 4.0-5.0%. Regular saver accounts from high street banks can offer 6-8% but usually cap monthly deposits at £250-£300. Rates change frequently, so compare using sites like MoneySavingExpert or Moneyfacts.

How much will £10,000 grow in 10 years?

At 5% AER compounded annually, £10,000 grows to approximately £16,289 after 10 years, earning £6,289 in interest. At 4%, it becomes £14,802. At 3%, it reaches £13,439. Adding monthly contributions dramatically increases the total. For instance, adding £100/month at 5% means £10,000 grows to £31,764 over 10 years.

Should I use an ISA or a regular savings account?

It depends on your tax situation. If your total savings interest stays within the Personal Savings Allowance (£1,000 for basic rate, £500 for higher rate), a regular account might offer a slightly higher rate. However, if your interest exceeds your PSA, or you are an additional rate taxpayer, an ISA's tax-free status is more valuable. For long-term savings, ISAs are generally the better choice as your pot grows.

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Reviewed by: UK Calculator, Founder & Developer

Founder & Developer - UKCalculator.com

The UK Calculator team is the founder and developer of UKCalculator.com, providing free, accurate calculators for UK residents.

Last updated: February 2026 | Reviewed for accuracy with current UK savings rates

Expert Reviewed -- This calculator is reviewed by our team of financial experts and updated regularly with the latest UK savings rates and regulations. Last verified: February 2026.

💡 Pro Tips for Accurate Results
  • Use the AER rate shown on your savings account, not the gross rate
  • Check whether your account compounds monthly, quarterly or annually
  • For ISA calculations, remember the £20,000 annual contribution limit
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Understanding Your Results

Our Compound Interest Calculator provides:

  • Year-by-year breakdown showing how your balance grows
  • Total interest earned separated from your deposits
  • AER comparison to help you evaluate different accounts
  • 2025/26 updated with current UK savings rates

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